Sodium Iodide I-131 (Na 131I) for therapeutic use is available as a stabilized aqueous solution for oral administration. The solution is available in screw-cap vials with radioactivity ranging from 185 to 5550 megabecquerels (5.0 to 150 millicuries) per vial at the time of calibration. The solution contains 0.1% sodium bisulfite and 0.2% edetate disodium as stabilizers, 0.5% sodium phosphate anhydrous as a buffer and sodium iodide I-131 at concentrations of 185 or 925 megabecquerels (5.0 or 25.0 millicuries) per milliliter. The pH has been adjusted to between 7.5 and 9.0. The iodine I-131 utilized in the preparation of the solution contains not less than 99% Iodine I-131 at the time of calibration.
Physical Characteristics
Iodine I-131 decays by beta emission and associated gamma emission with a physical half-life of 8.04 days1. The principal beta emissions and gamma photons are listed in Table 1.
Radiation | Mean Percent Per Disintegration | Energy (keV) |
| Beta-1 | 2.12 | 69.4 Avg. |
| Beta-3 | 7.36 | 96.6 Avg. |
| Beta-4 | 89.3 | 191.6 Avg. |
| Gamma-7 | 6.05 | 284.3 |
| Gamma-14 | 81.2 | 364.5 |
| Gamma-17 | 7.26 | 637.0 |
External Radiation
The specific gamma ray constant for iodine I-131 is 2.27 R/hr-mCi at 1 cm. The first half-value thickness of lead (Pb) for iodine I-131 is 0.24 cm. A range of values for the relative attenuation of the radiation emitted by this radionuclide that results from interposition of various thicknesses of Pb is shown in Table 2. For example, the use of 4.6 cm of Pb will decrease the external radiation exposure by a factor of about 1,000.
| Shield Thickness (Pb), cm | Coefficient of Attenuation |
| |
| 0.24 | 0.5 |
| 0.95 | 10-1 |
| 2.6 | 10-2 |
| 4.6 | 10-3 |
| 6.5 | 10-4 |
To correct for physical decay of this radionuclide, the fractions that remain at selected time intervals after the date of calibration are shown in Table 3.
* Calibration Day | |||
| Days | Fraction Remaining | Days | Fraction Remaining |
| 0* | 1.000 | 16 | 0.252 |
| 1 | 0.917 | 17 | 0.231 |
| 2 | 0.842 | 18 | 0.212 |
| 3 | 0.772 | 19 | 0.194 |
| 4 | 0.708 | 20 | 0.178 |
| 5 | 0.650 | 21 | 0.164 |
| 6 | 0.596 | 22 | 0.150 |
| 7 | 0.547 | 23 | 0.138 |
| 8 | 0.502 | 24 | 0.126 |
| 9 | 0.460 | 25 | 0.116 |
| 10 | 0.422 | 26 | 0.106 |
| 11 | 0.387 | 27 | 0.098 |
| 12 | 0.355 | 28 | 0.089 |
| 13 | 0.326 | 29 | 0.082 |
| 14 | 0.299 | 30 | 0.075 |
| 15 | 0.274 | ||
- 1
- Kocher, David C., “Radioactive Decay Data Tables”, DOE/TIC 11026, page 133 (1981).
Sodium Iodide I 131 - Clinical Pharmacology
Sodium Iodide is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Following absorption, the iodide is distributed primarily within the extracellular fluid of the body. It is concentrated and organified by the thyroid, and trapped but not organified by the stomach and salivary glands. It is also promptly excreted by the kidneys. About 90% of local irradiation is the result of beta radiation and 10% is the result of gamma radiation.
Indications and Usage for Sodium Iodide I 131
Sodium Iodide I-131 Therapeutic may be indicated in the treatment of hyperthyroidism and selected cases of carcinoma of the thyroid. Palliative effects maybe seen in patients with papillary and/or follicular carcinoma of the thyroid. Stimulation of radioiodide uptake may be achieved by the administration of thyrotropin. (Radioiodide will not be taken up by giant cell and spindle cell carcinoma of the thyroid nor by amyloid solid carcinomas.)
Contraindications
Vomiting and diarrhea represent contraindications to the use of radioiodide.
Therapeutic doses of Sodium Iodide I-131 may cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Therapeutic doses of Sodium Iodide I-131 are contraindicated in women who are or may become pregnant. If this drug is used during pregnancy, or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking this drug, the patient should be apprised of the potential hazards to the fetus.
Warnings
Contains sodium bisulfite, a sulfite that may cause allergic-type reactions including anaphylactic symptoms and life-threatening or less severe asthmatic episodes in certain susceptible people. The overall prevalence of sulfite sensitivity in the general population is unknown and probably low. Sulfite sensitivity is seen more frequently in asthmatic than in nonasthmatic people.
Sodium Iodide I-131 is not usually used for treatment of hyperthyroidism in patients under 30 years of age.
Precautions
General
The uptake of radioiodide will be affected by recent intake of stable iodine in any form, or by the use of thyroid, anti-thyroid, and certain other drugs. Accordingly, the patient should be questioned carefully regarding previous medication and procedures involving radiographic contrast media.
The expiration date is not later than one month after the calibration date. The calibration date and the expiration date are stated on the label.
As in the use of any radioactive material, care should be taken to minimize radiation exposure to the patient, consistent with proper patient management, and to insure minimum radiation exposure to occupational workers.
Radiopharmaceuticals should be used only by physicians who are qualified by training and experience in the safe use and handling of radionuclides and whose experience and training have been approved by the appropriate governmental agency authorized to license the use of radionuclides.
Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility
No long-term animal studies have been performed to evaluate carcinogenic potential, mutagenic potential, or whether this drug affects fertility in males or females.
Pregnancy Category X
See CONTRAINDICATIONS section.
Radioiodide therapy in women of childbearing capability should only be performed when appropriate contraceptive measures have been taken or when pregnancy testing is negative.
Nursing Mothers
Radioiodine is excreted in human milk during lactation. Therefore, formula feedings should be substituted for breast feedings.
Pediatric Use
See WARNINGS section.
Adverse Reactions
Although rare, reactions have been reported following the administration of iodine-containing radiopharmaceuticals including, in decreasing order of frequency, nausea, vomiting, chest pain, tachycardia, itching skin, rash, and hives. Depression of the hematopoietic system may occur when large doses are employed. Such potential side effects include radiation sickness, increase in clinical symptoms, bone marrow depression, acute leukemia, anemia, chromosomal abnormalities, acute thyroid crisis, blood dyscrasia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and death.
Sodium Iodide I 131 Dosage and Administration
Antithyroid therapy of a severely hyperthyroid patient is usually discontinued three to four days before administration of radioiodide.
For hyperthyroidism, the usual dose range is 148 to 370 megabecquerels (4 to 10 millicuries). Toxic nodular goiter and other special situations will require the use of larger doses.
For thyroid carcinoma, 1850 megabecquerels (50 millicuries) is the usual dose for ablation of normal thyroid tissue, and 3700 to 5550 megabecquerels (100 to 150 millicuries) is the usual subsequent therapeutic dose.
Waterproof gloves should be used during the entire handling and administration procedure. Adequate shielding should be maintained during the life of the product.
The patient dose should be measured by a suitable radioactivity calibration system immediately prior to administration.
Radiation Dosimetry
The estimated absorbed radiation doses2 to an average (70 kg) euthyroid (normal functioning thyroid) patient from an oral dose of Iodine I-131 in both milligrays per megabecquerel and rads per millicurie are shown in Table 4.
| Thyroid Uptake | ||||||
| Tissue | 5% | 15% | 25% | |||
| mGy/ MBq | rads/ mCi | mGy/ MBq | rads/ mCi | mGy/ MBq | rads/ mCi | |
| Thyroid | 70.3 | 260 | 216.2 | 800 | 351.4 | 1300 |
| Stomach Wall | 0.459 | 1.7 | 0.432 | 1.6 | 0.378 | 1.4 |
| Red Marrow | 0.038 | 0.14 | 0.054 | 0.20 | 0.070 | 0.26 |
| Liver | 0.054 | 0.20 | 0.095 | 0.35 | 0.130 | 0.48 |
| Testes | 0.023 | 0.084 | 0.023 | 0.085 | 0.024 | 0.088 |
| Ovaries | 0.038 | 0.14 | 0.038 | 0.14 | 0.038 | 0.14 |
| Total Body | 0.065 | 0.24 | 0.127 | 0.47 | 0.192 | 0.71 |
- 2
- MIRD DOSE ESTIMATE REPORT No. 5 Summary and Current Radiation Dose Estimates to Humans from 123I, 124I, 125I, 126I, 130I, 131I, and 132I, Sodium Iodide. J. Nucl. Med., 16, No. 9, 857-60 (1975).
How is Sodium Iodide I 131 Supplied
Catalog Number 450.
Sodium Iodide I-131 solution for therapeutic use by oral administration is available in shielded, screw-cap vials containing the following quantities of iodine I-131.
| Concentration* | Volume of Solution | Total Radioactivity* per Vial |
* At Time of Calibration | ||
| 185 MBq/mL | 1 mL | 185 MBq (5 mCi) |
| (5.0 mCi/mL) | 2 mL | 370 MBq (10 mCi) |
| 3 mL | 555 MBq (15 mCi) | |
| 4 mL | 740 MBq (20 mCi) | |
| 5 mL | 925 MBq (25 mCi) | |
| 7 mL | 1295 MBq (35 mCi) | |
| 925 MBq/mL | 2 mL | 1850 MBq (50 mCi) |
| (25.0 mCi/mL) | 3 mL | 2775 MBq (75 mCi) |
| 4 mL | 3700 MBq (100 mCi) | |
| 6 mL | 5550 MBq (150 mCi) | |
STORAGE AND HANDLING
Sodium Iodide I-131 Therapeutic Solution should be stored at controlled room temperature 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F).
Storage and disposal of Sodium Iodide I-131 Solution should be controlled in a manner that is in compliance with the appropriate regulations of the government agency authorized to license the use of this radionuclide.
The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission has approved distribution of this radiopharmaceutical to persons licensed to use by-product material listed in Section 35.300, and to persons who hold an equivalent license issued by an Agreement State.
Rev 101806
Mallinckrodt Inc.
St. Louis, MO 63134
tyco
Healthcare
Mallinckrodt
A450I0
PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL
Sodium Iodide I 131 SOLUTION
THERAPEUTIC
For Oral Use Only
Store at Controlled Room Temperature 20 to 25°C (68 to 77°F).
Contains 0.1% sodium bisulfate and 0.2% edetate disodium as stabilizers and 0.5% dibasic sodium phosphate anhydrous as a buffer. The pH is between 7.5 and 9.0
For information on dosage, administration and indications see package insert.
Rx Only.
WARNING: Radioactive drugs must be handled only by qualified personnel in conformity with regulations of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission or state regulatory agencies where applicable. Bottle containing drug should be kept in this container or within heavier shield.
In Canada:
Mallinckrodt Canada Inc.
Pointe-Claire, Qc
Est. Lic. No. 100107-A
Mallinckrodt Inc.
St. Louis, MO 63134 USA
MALLINCKRODT
CAUTION RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL
A450C0
R10/2000
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| Marketing Information | |||
| Marketing Category | Application Number or Monograph Citation | Marketing Start Date | Marketing End Date |
| NDA | NDA016515 | 08/22/2011 | |
| Labeler - Mallinckrodt, Inc. (047021092) |
| Establishment | |||
| Name | Address | ID/FEI | Operations |
| Mallinckrodt Inc. | 557570652 | manufacture, analysis | |
| Establishment | |||
| Name | Address | ID/FEI | Operations |
| Nordion (Canada) Inc | 201112088 | api manufacture | |
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